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51.
第一代恒星(星族Ⅲ恒星)标志着宇宙从暗物质时代到现在已知的宇宙的转折点。目前对第一代恒星(星族Ⅲ恒星)的观测结果表明,在银河系中还没有发现零金属丰度的恒星,金属丰度[Fe/H]≤-2.5的恒星极少。由于近几年的BPS巡天,银河系中已知的极端贫金属丰度的恒星数目大大增多。目前,可探测到的极端贫金属星的金属丰度[Fe/H]最低约为-4.1。金属丰度在-4到-3之间的恒星大约有100多颗,这些恒星的运动学特性非常类似于其它晕星。然而还没有发现第一代恒星,或金属丰度[Fe/H]≤-5的恒星。关于第一代恒星的形成过程、初始质量函数以及存在于银河系的什么地方,都还没有任何直接的证据。但第一代恒星确实存在。第一代恒星这个谜一般的实体,向观测和理论天文学家提出了巨大挑战。为探测和预言银河系中的第一代恒星,天文学家提出了许多观测方案和理论模型。对有关第一代恒星在观测和理论研究上的进展进行了综述。 相似文献
52.
The effect of light intensity ( 1500 Ix and 5000 Ix) on the total lipid and fatty acid composition of six strains of marine diatoms Cylindrotheca fusiformis (B211 ), Phaeodactylum tricornutum (Bl14, Bl18 and B221) Nitzschia closterium (B222) and Chaetoceros gracilis (B13) was investigated.The total lipids of B13, Bl14, and B211 grown at 5000 Ix were lower than those grown at 1500 Ix. No evident changes were observed in Bl18, B221 and B222. Fatty acid composition changed considerably at different light intensity although no consistent correlation between the relative proportion of a single FA and light intensity. The major fatty acids of the 6 strains were 14:0, 16:0, 16:l(n- 7) and 20:5(n-3) . Cylindrothecafusiformis had high percentage of 20:4n - 6 (9.2 - 10.9% ) . The total polyunsaturated fatty acid /rl all 6 strains decreased with increasing light intensity. The percentage of the highly unsaturated fatty acid eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) decreased with increasing light intensity in all strains except Chaetoceros gracilis. 相似文献
53.
Silicon limitation on primary production and its destiny in Jiaozhou Bay, China——Ⅳ:Study on cross-bay transect from estuary to ocean 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The authors analyzed the data collected in the Ecological Station Jiaozhou Bay from May 1991 to November 1994, including 12
seasonal investigations, to determine the characteristics, dynamic cycles and variation trends of the silicate in the bay.
The results indicated that the rivers around Jiaozhou Bay provided abundant supply of silicate to the bay. The silicate concentration
there depended on river flow variation. The horizontal variation of silicate concentration on the transect showed that the
silicate concentration decreased with distance from shorelines. The vertical variation of it showed that silicate sank and
deposited on the sea bottom by phytoplankton uptake and death, and zooplankton excretion. In this way, silicon would endlessly
be transferred from terrestrial sources to the sea bottom. The silicon took up by phytoplankton and by other biogeochemical
processes led to insufficient silicon supply for phytoplankton growth. In this paper, a 2D dynamic model of river flow versus
silicate concentration was established by which silicate concentrations of 0.028–0.062 μmol/L in seawater was yielded by inputting
certain seasonal unit river flows (m3/s), or in other words, the silicate supply rate; and when the unit river flow was set to zero, meaning no river input, the
silicate concentrations were between 0.05–0.69 μmol/L in the bay. In terms of the silicate supply rate, Jiaozhou Bay was divided
into three parts. The division shows a given river flow could generate several different silicon levels in corresponding regions,
so as to the silicon-limitation levels to the phytoplankton in these regions. Another dynamic model of river flow versus primary
production was set up by which the phytoplankton primary production of 5.21–15.55 (mgC/m2·d)/(m3/s) were obtained in our case at unit river flow values via silicate concentration or primary production conversion rate.
Similarly, the values of primary production of 121.98–195.33 (mgC/m2·d) were achieved at zero unit river flow condition. A primary production conversion rate reflects the sensitivity to silicon
depletion so as to different phytoplankton primary production and silicon requirements by different phytoplankton assemblages
in different marine areas. In addition, the authors differentiated two equations (Eqs. 1 and 2) in the models to obtain the
river flow variation that determines the silicate concentration variation, and in turn, the variation of primary production.
These results proved further that nutrient silicon is a limiting factor for phytoplankton growth.
This study was funded by NSFC (No. 40036010), and the Director's Fund of the Beihai Sea Monitoring Center, the State Oceanic
Administration. 相似文献
54.
断层相关褶皱理论在准噶尔盆地南缘山前带构造研究的应用 总被引:8,自引:4,他引:4
利用断层相关褶皱的构造几何分析方法,对准噶尔盆地南缘山前复杂构造带内基于地震剖面进行了构造解析,搭建了中、东段的构造轮廓和构造组合样式,认为东段阜康断裂带主要表现为至地表的推覆逆掩。由于位移量大部分转移至地表,阜康断裂带的前陆部分无喜山期构造带;西段造山带内的挤压往前陆方向传递过程中以前列式不断释放其位移量,造成在纵向上呈现三排主要的断层相关褶皱带。根据正演平衡地质剖面制作技术对山前复杂构造区地震剖面反射波的构造识别进行了模拟与探讨。 相似文献
55.
The energy flow ofBranchiura sowerbyi was studied for the first time in China in a shallow macrophytic lake, Biandantang Lake, Hubei Province. The energy flow
was calculated from the measurement of flesh production (12.5241kJ/m2a), egestion (517.7302kJ/m2a), metabolism (38.3273 kJ/m2a), and excretion (4.3798kJ/m2a). The net growth efficiency of the species is about 22.7%, which accords well with the generally reported value for oligochaetes.
In addition, the relationship between starvation respiration (R, mgO2/ind·d), wet weight (Ww, mg) and temperature (T, °C) were also measured, with the regression function beingR=0.008Ww0.736 e0.050T.
Project supported by NSFC (30270278, 3960019), the foundation of the government of Hubei Province (No. 2000J109), and the
foundation of Ecological Station, CAS in the Institute of Hydrobiology. 相似文献
56.
57.
The energy budget ofBellamya earuginosa in a shallow algal lake, Houhu Lake (Wuhan, China) was investigated by the measurement of flesh production (32.8 kJ/(m2·a)), egestion (337.7 kJ/(m2·a)), metabolism (246.7 kJ/(m2·a)), and estimation of excretion (21.4kJ/(m2·a)). The net growth efficiency of the species is about 10.9%, which accords with the generally reported value for gastropods.
In addition, the relationships between starvation respiration (R, mgO2/(Ind·d)), body weight (Wd, mg in dry wt) and temperature (T, °C) were also determined. The regression equationR=0.044Wd
0.537
e
0.061T
was obtained by the least square method, The measured SDA of the species is 26.51% of its gross metabolism.
Project No. 3960019 and 39430101 supported by NSFC and also a granted for the East Lake Ecological Experimental Station, CAS,
Wuhan. 相似文献
58.
59.
V. Yu. Terebizh 《Astrophysics and Space Science》1992,193(2):269-288
Image restoration, computerized tomography, and other similar problems are considered as a unified class of stochastic inverse problems. The conventional approach to these problems that proceeds from some integral or functional equations suffers from three main shortcomings: (i) subjectivity, (ii) inability to account for the inner (radiational) noise, and (iii) inability to include the fundamental concept of the natural limit of solution accuracy. A general approach is developed, the Statistical Parameterization of Inverse Problems (SPIPR), that takes into account both the inner and external random noise and gives an explicit form of the above-mentioned natural limit. Applications of the SPIPR to various problems show that the maximum likelihood method as the concrete way to obtain an object estimate has practically limiting efficiency.Two new fields of applications of the SPIPR are outlined along with the image restoration problem: the elimination of blurring due to atmosphere turbulence and reconstruction of an object structure in the computerized tomography. The expressions for the main distribution function in all these problems are found. The corresponding real examples and model cases are considered as well. 相似文献
60.
Natural and agricultural wetlands are considered to be the major sources of global atmospheric methane (CH4). A one‐dimensional model was developed to simulate methane emission and used to examine the influence of various physical processes on the rate of methane emission. Three processes involved in the methane emission are implemented in the model: production, reoxidation and transport. Three transport pathways were considered: diffusion across water–air or soil–air interfaces, ebullition and diffusion through plants. These pathways are influenced by soil properties, plant growth, water‐table conditions, temperature and external inputs (e.g. fertilizer). The model was used to examine the seasonal variation of the methane emission at a rice field in Hunan, China, which was observed during a field experiment for consecutive (early and late) rice seasons in 1992. The observed seasonal variations of methane emission, and role of plants in transporting methane to the atmosphere, are captured by the model simulation. Further model applications were conducted to simulate effects of fertilizer and water‐level condition on the methane emission. The results indicate that unfermented organic fertilizer produces a higher methane emission rate than mineral fertilizer. The simulations with treatments of a deep‐water covering and constant moisture reduced the methane emission. The rice field study provides a framework for further development of the model towards simulations based on spatially distributed variables (e.g. water table, soil temperature and vegetation) at a regional scale. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献